Certain groups are at a higher risk of flu complications compared to others, which is why experts recommend these individuals receive the annual vaccine for protection.
Groups at a higher risk of flu complications
The groups most susceptible to severe health risks when infected vary, and the most prominent include:
- Age: Children and young people from 6 months to 19 years, adults aged 50 and older, and seniors aged 65 and above.
- Chronic Health Conditions:
- Patients with diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease.
- Those with heart problems, or those suffering from respiratory difficulties, emphysema, and bronchitis.
- People who have suffered a stroke or cerebral ischemia.
- Those with neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis.
- People with spleen diseases, such as sickle cell anemia.
- Immunity and Weight: Individuals with compromised immunity due to illness or treatments (such as steroid medications and cancer therapy), as well as those with severe obesity; one study found that 61% of deaths from the H1N1 virus had a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more.
- Pregnancy and Care: Pregnant women or those planning to become pregnant, workers caring for children under 6 months, and healthcare providers in direct contact with patients.
- Living Environment: Residents of nursing homes.
Difference between flu, common colds, and sore throats
Flu symptoms overlap with those of a common cold, but the latter is usually characterized by a runny or congested nose, cough, and sore throat. In contrast, the flu begins suddenly and severely, including fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue.
A sore throat may appear as an early sign of a cold or flu, but it may result from other causes such as:
- Bacterial Infection: Common in children between 5 and 15 years, characterized by white patches on the tonsils and swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and usually not accompanied by a cough or runny nose.
- Other Factors: Allergies to dust or pet dander, exposure to chemical irritants or tobacco smoke, gastroesophageal reflux, or muscle strain.
Prevention methods and health measures
The annual vaccine is the best way to protect vulnerable groups from complications such as pneumonia. The vaccine takes 5 to 10 days to become effective, so it is preferable to receive it before the peak season.
To reduce the chances of respiratory infections or gastrointestinal infections (which the flu vaccine does not prevent), the following is recommended:
- Washing hands with soap and water for 20 seconds, or using an alcohol-based sanitizer with at least 60% concentration.
- Washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
- Avoiding touching the face and regularly cleaning used surfaces.
FAQ
What complications can the flu cause?
The flu can lead to severe respiratory issues, most notably pneumonia. This is why vaccination is critical for those at high risk to prevent the virus from progressing into a serious lung infection.
When should I visit a doctor for a sore throat?
You should consult a doctor to determine the cause of the inflammation; if it is bacterial, the doctor may take a throat swab and prescribe an antibiotic, whereas viral inflammation is not treated with antibiotics.
Does the flu vaccine protect against stomach flu?
No, the flu vaccine is designed only for viruses that affect the respiratory system, while stomach flu is caused by viruses that target the intestines, such as “norovirus” and “rotavirus.”
Why is vaccination recommended for people with severe obesity?
Because severe obesity increases the risk of death when infected with the H1N1 virus, the annual vaccine and early health monitoring during virus outbreaks are recommended.
When to visit a doctor immediately?
Medical care should be sought when warning signs appear, such as:
- Severe difficulty breathing or chest pain.
- A very high fever that does not decrease.
- The appearance of white patches in the throat accompanied by swollen lymph nodes.
- Rapid deterioration in general health.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
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- More about Colds, Flu & COVID-19
Illustration: AI-generated
approved by: Medica Health team