Effective childhood asthma treatment is an integrated process aimed at controlling chronic respiratory inflammation and reducing attacks to ensure a normal life and healthy physical activity for the child.
What is Asthma and Why Does it Occur in Kids and Teens?
Asthma is a chronic allergic respiratory disease that leads to the narrowing of the bronchial tubes and an increase in mucus secretions, causing shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. These symptoms often worsen during physical exertion or at night.
Several factors contribute to why asthma in kids and teens develops, most notably:
- Genetic Factors: The likelihood increases if one or both parents are affected.
- Environment and Pollution: Exposure to air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter in the residential area at birth, or exposure to cigarette smoke.
- Allergens: Such as animal dander, dust mites, and pollen.
- Fetal Health: Maternal iron deficiency and anemia during pregnancy may be linked to an increased risk of respiratory problems in the child.
- Early Infections: Exposure to respiratory tract infections at a young age.
Diagnosing Asthma in Children
Diagnosis can be challenging because symptoms may overlap with other conditions such as sinusitis or gastroesophageal reflux. A doctor relies on medical history and the following tests:
- Spirometry: To determine the speed and volume of exhalation, which may be performed at rest or after exercise.
- Bronchial Provocation: Measuring the lungs’ response to cold air or exercise.
- Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) Test: To determine the potential benefit of steroid medications.
- Allergy Tests: Using skin prick tests for substances such as mold or animal dander.
It is noted that tests may not be accurate for children under five; therefore, the doctor relies on the parents’ description of the symptoms.
Methods of Childhood Asthma Treatment and Control
The goal of childhood asthma treatment is to reduce attacks and limit the use of quick-relief rescue medications. Treatment options vary based on the child’s age and the severity of their condition:
Long-term Medications (Preventers)
These medications work to reduce inflammation in the airways and are taken daily, including:
- Inhaled Corticosteroids: Such as fluticasone, mometasone, and beclomethasone. These may have a very slight effect on children’s growth rates, but the benefits outweigh the risks.
- Leukotriene Modifiers.
Fast-acting Medications (Rescue)
These are used to treat current attack symptoms immediately as they occur, such as albuterol.
Self-care and Psychological Support
- Nutrition and Weight: Maintaining a healthy weight for the child.
- Family Support: Some studies have shown that eating in a positive family environment reduces asthma attacks in kids and teens.
- Avoiding Triggers: Keeping the child away from air pollutants and allergens.
Frequently Asked Questions About Childhood Asthma Treatment
What is asthma?
It is a chronic disease characterized by the narrowing of the bronchi and the contraction of their muscles, leading to difficulty breathing and a wheezing sound during exhalation.
How is asthma in children treated?
Treatment is based on a plan developed by a doctor, including long-term preventive medications to reduce inflammation and fast-acting medications to handle attacks, while avoiding environmental triggers.
Does asthma disappear in children?
The disease does not disappear completely, but it can be controlled. In mild cases, symptoms may fade after puberty, though they may return later. For those who suffered severe attacks, the disease often persists.
What should you expect from your child’s doctor?
The doctor will examine the symptoms and their frequency and may request lung function tests or allergy tests. They will then create a treatment plan that is adjusted based on whether the child’s condition improves or worsens.
When to See a Doctor Immediately?
Medical care should be sought if the following signs appear:
- Severe difficulty breathing or very rapid breathing.
- A chronic cough that does not stop.
- Chest pain or obvious wheezing.
- Sudden loss of energy and inability to finish playing.
- Sleep problems or choking while eating.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not replace a consultation with a specialist doctor.
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Illustration: AI-generated
approved by: Medica Health team