Guide to Using an Asthma Inhaler Correctly

medica-seed-editor · October 17, 2026, 10:04am

Learn the precise steps for using an asthma inhaler to ensure medication reaches the lungs, helping to control symptoms and improve breathing.

The Importance of Correct Technique When Using an Asthma Inhaler

Adhering to the proper method is essential to ensure the right amount of medication reaches the small airways and lungs. Technique varies depending on the device type; therefore, it is recommended to consult a doctor or pharmacist to confirm the correct approach. Patients who use these devices long-term are advised to review their technique periodically.

Using an MDI Inhaler (Metered-Dose Inhaler)

This device relies on a pressurized gas that releases a single dose when the top is pressed. Using an MDI inhaler requires precise coordination between pressing the device and inhaling air.

Steps for use:

Shake the canister well for 5 seconds before each puff.
Exhale to empty the lungs, tilting the head slightly back.
Place the mouthpiece in the mouth and close the lips around it, ensuring the tongue does not block the opening.
Begin a deep, slow inhalation while simultaneously pressing the inhaler until the lungs are full.
Hold your breath for 5 to 10 seconds, then exhale slowly through the nose.
If a second puff is needed, wait one minute before repeating.

Additional notes:

First time: If the device is new or hasn’t been used for two weeks, shake it for 5 seconds and release 4 puffs into the air to ensure it is working.
Steroid inhalers (e.g., purple): You must rinse your mouth and gargle well after use without swallowing the water to avoid oral thrush (fungus).
Cleaning: It is recommended to wash the plastic mouthpiece with water weekly after removing the medication canister.

Spacer Devices and Children’s Inhalers

Children and elderly patients sometimes find it difficult to coordinate breathing with pressing the device. Therefore, a spacer is used as an intermediate tube that holds the medication, allowing the patient to breathe several times to inhale the full dose. Masks that attach to the spacer are available and are the best method for children. The spacer should be cleaned weekly with warm water and dish soap.

Types of Dry Powder Inhalers (DPI)

These devices rely on a fine powder and require a strong inhalation to pull the medication in; thus, they may not be suitable for those with weak muscles or nerves.

Turbohaler: Turn the base counter-clockwise and then back until a “click” is heard, then inhale deeply and hold the breath for 10 seconds.
Accuhaler (Diskus): Held horizontally; push the lever until a click is heard before taking a deep, strong breath.
Ellipta (Red Inhaler): Held upright; open the cover by pushing it back, then breathe in deeply and quickly.
HandiHaler and Breezhaler: Single-dose devices that require placing a capsule inside and piercing it; you must breathe twice from the same capsule to ensure the full dose is received.

Soft Mist Inhalers (Respimat) and Nebulizers

Soft Mist: Converts liquid into a fine mist that lasts longer in the air. It requires turning the transparent cap at the bottom of the device half a turn before pressing the release button while breathing slowly and deeply.
Nebulizer: Converts liquid medication into a vapor via a mask or tube. It is often used for infants, those who struggle with handheld asthma inhalers, or when high doses are required.

Side Effects and How to Avoid Them

Side effects vary by medication type:

Reliever Inhalers (Bronchodilators): May cause increased heart rate, slight hand tremors, headache, or anxiety.
Preventer Inhalers (Steroids): May lead to hoarseness, sore throat, or oral thrush.

To reduce these effects:

Use a spacer.
Strictly follow the doctor’s instructions.
Ensure you rinse your mouth and brush your teeth after using steroids.

FAQ

How is asthma treated?

Asthma is managed using inhalers that deliver medication directly to the lungs in small doses to reduce side effects. These are divided into preventer inhalers to reduce inflammation and reliever inhalers to treat acute attacks.

Does an asthma inhaler cause weight gain?

Available sources do not mention any information linking the use of an asthma inhaler to weight gain.

How to use an asthma inhaler for children?

The best method is using a metered-dose inhaler connected to a spacer with a dedicated mask placed over the child’s face.

When to Visit a Doctor?

Consult a doctor immediately in the following cases:

If side effects of beta-agonists (such as tremors or increased heart rate) persist for several days or weeks.
Sudden narrowing of the airways occurs after use (paradoxical bronchospasm).
Severe symptoms appear that require a dose adjustment or a change in medication.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice.